BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG
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ISO 9001:2015
KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP
NGÀNH : NGÔN NGỮ ANH NHẬT
Sinh viên : Trịnh Hồng Nhung
Giảng viên hướng dẫn: ThS. Nguyễn Thị Huyền
HẢI PHÒNG 07– 2020
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG
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HOW TO APPROPRIATELY ASSIGN READING
HOMEWORK TO THIRD YEAR ENGLISH MAJOR AT HAI
PHONG MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY.
KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC HỆ CHÍNH QUY
NGÀNH: NGÔN NGỮ ANH NHẬT
Sinh viên : Trịnh Hồng Nhung
Giảng viên hướng dẫn: ThS. Nguyễn Thị Huyền
HẢI PHÒNG 07 – 2020
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG
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NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP
Sinh viên: Trịnh Hồng Nhung
Mã SV: 1612753021
Lớp : NA2001N
Ngành : Ngôn Ngữ Anh- Nhật
Tên đề tài: How to appropriately assign reading homework to third
year English majors at Hai Phong Management and Technology
University
NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI
1. Nội dung và các yêu cầu cần giải quyết trong nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt
nghiệp
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2. Các tài liệu, số liệu cần thiết
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3. Địa điểm thực tập tốt nghiệp
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CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP
Họ và tên : Nguyễn Thị Huyền
Học hàm, học vị : Thạc Sĩ
Cơ quan công tác : Trường Đại học Quản lý và Công nghệ Hải Phòng
Nội dung hướng dẫn: How to appropriately assign reading homework to third
year English majors at Hai Phong Management and Technology University
Đề tài tốt nghiệp được giao ngày 30 tháng 03 năm 2020
Yêu cầu phải hoàn thành xong trước ngày 30 tháng 06 năm 2020
Đã nhận nhiệm vụ ĐTTN Đã giao nhiệm vụ ĐTTN
Sinh viên
Giảng viên hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày 01 tháng 07 năm 2020
HIỆU TRƯỞNG
CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN TỐT NGHIỆP
Họ và tên giảng viên: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Đơn vị công tác:
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Họ và tên sinh viên:
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Nội dung hướng dẫn: …………………………………………………. ………………………………….
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1. Tinh thần thái độ của sinh viên trong quá trình làm đề tài tốt nghiệp
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2. Đánh giá chất lượng của đồ án/khóa luận (so với nội dung yêu cầu đã đề
ra trong nhiệm vụ Đ.T. T.N trên các mặt lý luận, thực tiễn, tính toán số
liệu…)
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3. Ý kiến của giảng viên hướng dẫn tốt nghiệp
Được bảo vệ
Không được bảo vệ
Điểm hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ……
Giảng viên hướng dẫn
(Ký và ghi rõ họ tên)
QC20-B18
CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN
Họ và tên giảng viên: ………………………………………………………………………………….
Đơn vị công tác:
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Họ và tên sinh viên:
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Đề tài tốt nghiệp:
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1. Phần nhận xét của giáo viên chấm phản biện
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2. Những mặt còn hạn chế
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3. Ý kiến của giảng viênchấm phản biện
Được bảo vệ
Không được bảo vệ
Điểm phản biện
Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ……
Giảng viênchấm phản biện
(Ký và ghi rõ họ tên)
QC20-B19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
…………………………………………………………………….. 3
PART A: INTRODUCTION
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1. Rationale…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
2. Aims of the study ………………………………………………………………………………… 2
3. Scope of the study
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4. Contribution of the study ……………………………………………………………………. 3
5. Research questions ……………………………………………………………………………… 3
6. Methods of the research
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7. Organization of the research
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PART B: DEVELOPMENT
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CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW
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1.1. Overview of reading …………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.1.1. Definition of reading ……………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1.2. Reading in language teaching and learning ……………………………………….. 6
1.2. Overview of homework
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1.2.1. Definition of homework
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1.2.2. Factors affecting homework completion among students ………………….. 8
1.2.2.1. Internal Factors
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1.2.2.2. External Factors…………………………………………………………………………… 9
1.2.2.3. School factors
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1.2.2.4. Teacher’s role
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1.3. Appropriate amount of homework
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CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
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2.1. The setting of the study
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2.2. Participants ……………………………………………………………………………………. 12
2.3. Methods of the study ………………………………………………………………………. 13
2.4. Instruments ……………………………………………………………………………………. 13
2.4.1. Questionnaire for students……………………………………………………………… 14
2.4.2. Questionnaire for teachers
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2.5. Data collection and data analysis
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2.5.1. Data collection
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2.5.2. Data analysis ………………………………………………………………………………… 16
CHAPTER THREE: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION …………………………… 17
3.1. Questionnaire for students ……………………………………………………………… 17
3.1.1 Students’ reading proficiency and concerns about homework …………….. 17
3.1.2. Student’s attitudes and thoughts about the benefits of homework ……….. 20
3.2. Teachers’ homework assignment techniques …………………………………… 25
3.3. Tips for Getting Homework Done …………………………………………………… 28
3.3.1. Lay out expectations early in the school year …………………………………… 29
3.3.2. Create assignments with a purpose …………………………………………………. 30
3.3.3. Create assignments that challenge students to think and to integrate.
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3.3.4. Match assignments to the skills, interests, and needs of students………… 35
3.3.5. Assign an appropriate amount of homework ……………………………………. 38
3.3.6. Giving instructions ……………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.3.7. Giving Feedbacks
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3.4. Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
PART C: CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………………… 44
1. Summary of the study ……………………………………………………………………….. 44
2. Limitations and suggestions ………………………………………………………………. 45
APPENDIX 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
APPENDIX 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
APPENDIX 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 62
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study could not have been completed without the help and
encouragement of numerous people.
First of all, I would like to express my appreciation and sincere thanks to
my supervisor, Mrs. Nguyen Thi Huyen, M.A. Without her guidance, I could
not finish my thesis.
Secondly, I would like to thank all my classmates for giving me valuable
advice and all of the teachers of English, Foreign Language Department, Hai
Phong Management and Technology University who taught me four years and
helped me better.
My deep appreciation also goes to the third year English majors and two
teachers from the Foreign Language Department, Hai Phong Management and
Technology University who enthusiastically participated to help me to collect
data for my thesis.
Finally, I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my parents for the love
and encouragement they gave me to overcome many difficulties during doing
this study.
Without support from the listed people, this paper could not have been
completed.
Hai Phong, July, 2020
Trinh Hong Nhung
1
PART A: INTRODUCTION
In this part, the researcher sets reasons for carrying out the research, the
objectives that need to be acquired after all, the scope, contribution, and
methods of the study. Last but not least, an organization of the study is
presented.
1. Rationale
Nowadays, with the tendency of globalization and integration, English plays
the role as the most effective international communicative language. Especially,
when Vietnam becomes a member of WTO, English works as a bridge for
learning, information and cultural exchange to establish the multilateral
relationship between Vietnam and other countries around the world. Also, the
first and foremost demand given is that Vietnamese people need to master the
language besides their mother tongue, which contributes to bridging the gap
caused by the language barrier between our country and other nations.
Therefore, each of us needs to learn English to serve ourselves about the life,
work and needs of society.
Being aware of the importance of the English language for the development of
society, the Ministry of Education and Training has set policies to encourage
learning and teaching English widely. Hence, English has become one of the
compulsory subjects. Accordingly, the students should be helped to
comprehensively develop four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Reading is essential not only as a receptive skill but also to the development of
mind. “Reading is an act of communication in which information is transferred
from a transmitter to a receiver” (Smith (1973:2).
Although reading is a highly valuable skill and activity, and it is
recommended that English learners try to read as much as possible in English,
students’ low proficiency in reading cannot be deniable. At school time, most the
learners get bored when reading a text which is too long and no longer interested
in reading. This leads to the readers not fully understanding the content of each
text and the quality of reading is gradually getting worse. Understanding the
general situation of students, The teachers of Hai Phong Management and
Technology University have taken helpful measures to help students improve in
the best way, especially for third-year English majors.
2
Homework is one of the most important methods. While homework may seem
like a tedious task, it can help a student comprehend the material.
Many studies show the effectiveness of homework and all of the benefits it can
do for us; the problem is: teachers are making students do too much homework
when they get home from school. For third year students of English, they have
begun to enter a new program which was more difficult than 2 years ago.
Therefore, the number of exercises and knowledge in the school made the
learners feel tired. Most students have hated homework, so how to appropriately
assign reading homework to third year English majors is necessary. It is hoped
that the study will make some contributions to improve learning English.
The author also hopes that it will be possible to make useful suggestions for
the teachers to improve the situation of teaching and learning at Hai Phong
Management and Technology University.
2. Aims of the study
The general aim of this study is how to appropriately assign reading homework
to third year English at Hai Phong Management and Technology University.
The main purposes of the study are summarized as follows:
– To investigate main factors losing students’ interests in reading homework.
– To explore techniques used by teachers of English to motivate their students
in reading homework.
– To investigate factors assisting teachers to assign appropriately reading
homework.
3. Scope of the study
This study focused only on assigning appropriately reading homework of 23
third-year English majors at Foreign Language Department, Hai Phong
Management and Technology University.
3
In detail, the study will find out the main factors that make students lose interest
in doing reading homework and discover techniques used by teachers of English
to assign appropriately reading homework. From that, the main factors that
assist students to overcome their fears in doing homework will be presented.
4. Contribution of the study
There have been a lot of studies on students’ motivation in learning English as a
second language; however, those on demotivating factors still leave a gap. This
study hopefully will shed light on how to assign appropriately reading
homework. Moreover, the findings of this study could provide English teachers
as well as the third-year English majors at Foreign Language Department, Hai
Phong Management and Technology University an in-depth understanding of
factors that students encounter in reading homework so that they can overcome
those obstacles to get the best teaching and learning result.
5. Research questions
This study aims to answer the three following questions:
What are the main factors losing students’ interests in reading homeworks?
What are techniques used by teachers to motivate their students in reading
homework?
What are factors that assist teachers to assign appropriately reading
homework?
6. Methods of the research
This study used a quantitative method. For the quantitative method, two
questionnaires were made and delivered to seven teachers and 23 students who
were chosen randomly from 2 classes of the third-year English majors at
Foreign Language Department, Hai Phong Management and Technology
University.
4
7. Organization of the research
This study includes three main parts: Introduction, development, and
conclusion.
Part 1: Introduction includes the rationale, aim of the study, the scope of the
study, research questions, method of the research, and the design of the research.
Part 2: Development.
This part consists of three main chapters.
Chapter 1: Literature review
This part introduces the theoretical background of reading homework, reviews
studies of demotivation in second language acquisition, and gives a brief view
on concepts of reading and factors losing interest in reading homework.
Chapter 2: Methodology
Chapter two takes an emphasis on the methodology of the study, including
research questions, participants, method of the study, instruments. Data
collection and data analysis are discussed in this chapter.
Chapter 3: Research findings and discussion
This chapter presents major research findings and discussion in detail.
Part 3: Conclusion
This part presents conclusions and implications, in which the findings and the
limitations are clarified and suggestions for further researchers are proposed.
5
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1. Overview of reading
1.1.1. Definition of reading
Reading is a skill that is no longer strange to English learners but there is
hardly any agreement on its definition. A great number of books and articles
have been written about this debatable subject. To explore the changing nature
of reading comprehension, a well-articulated model of reading comprehension
outlined in the RAND, Reading Study Group’s Report (2002) was drawn upon.
The authors of this report defined reading comprehension as “the process of
simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and
involvement with written language”. It can not be denied that reading plays a
vital role in our social life.
What “reading” really means is reading and understanding what we read at the
same time. Different authors hold different views on the definition of reading.
Козак indicated: “Reading is a complex activity that involves both perception
and thought. Reading consists of two related processes: word recognition and
comprehension. Word recognition refers to the process of perceiving how
written symbols correspond to one’s spoken language. Comprehension is the
process of making sense of words, sentences and connected text”.
There are three main points in his definition. Firstly, reading involves word
recognition, which means that it refers to the use of phonics to decode a word.
Without word identification, every word would have to be recognized by sight
to be read. Secondly, comprehension is also important for reading. It is the
ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the
reader already knows. If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of
their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their
ability to comprehend what is read.
From the above definitions, the author of this study could come to the
conclusion that reading is an important but difficult skill of the four. It is a
complex process from receiving the message to understanding its meaning.
6
1.1.2. Reading in language teaching and learning
A Student’s reading skills are important to their success in school as they will
allow them to access the breadth of the curriculum and improve their
communication and language skills. Reading can give someone wide in
knowledge and experience. Any material that we read would give knowledge
and experience because we will get new knowledge and new things. That is why
students who have reading habits will have a good foundation in both grammar
and vocabulary. Besides that, reading also can improve their language,
speaking and learning. If students want to improve their language, they must
read more. With reading someone can make his or her language better and can
confidently communicate with their friends and teachers. In addition, interest in
reading is closely related to cultural knowledge because reading is a feature of
cultural development in the community-oriented education and reading.(Kamus
Dewan Edisi Keempat, 2005). For third- year English majors at Hai Phong
Management and Technology University, they will have to learn a higher level
related to social knowledge. Therefore, Most students need to have a good
foundation to study as well as to prepare for future jobs.
In Long and Richards’s view (1987) on intensive reading, it is a detailed in-
class analysis, led by the teacher of vocabulary and grammar points, to arrive at
a profound understanding. Consequently, teachers need to find some ways to get
students to develop specific reading skills (such as the ability to understand the
general message without understanding every detail) and the desire to naturally
understand the meaning of each word. Thus, reading is the foundation to help
students develop understanding texts skills as well as the remaining skills.
At Hai Phong Management and Technology University, the students have
two reading lessons once a week. Moreover, they have 2-4 additional reading
homework once lessons. This makes the students lose the motivation for
reading, neglect their homework leading to reducing the quality of reading.
Before this situation, teachers can help students read more effectively if they
assign reading homework appropriately.
7
1.2. Overview of homework
1.2.1. Definition of homework
Homework is defined as tasks assigned to students by school teachers that are
intended to be carried out during nonschool hours.
According to Butler (1987), a more universal definition of homework
describes it as time that students spend outside the classroom in activities
allocated for the training, enhancement, and implementation of knowledge, as
well as learning new capabilities involved in independent research (Alanne &
Macgregor, 2007). It is a time honored practice that can enhance the
development of skills and reinforce knowledge gained within the classroom
when it is used effectively and appropriately. Homework is an opposing idea
viewed as a social preventer and makes students stay away from family, but it is
also viewed as a means of “self-regulation skill” that leads toward academic
achievement (Katz, Kaplan, & Gueta, 2010).
Through time, the views on homework are increasingly negative. For some
students, completing homework is just something required and they cannot see
the benefit of what they are doing. They find the task to be useless and time
consuming. Therefore, some students do homework under protest and play it off
by different means to do it as fast as possible. On the contrary, there are some
students who spend a lot of time on task and do it carefully.
On the other hand, teachers see homework as a useful support tool in
studying. Most teachers have difficulty collecting homework from students. Just
a few would submit their homework on deadlines, the rest had late homework or
not. Although the teachers have used a method like deduction of score, the
situation remains unchanged. In some cases, the students copied each other’s
task despite different warnings given to them to not plagiarize. So Why do many
students not do homework, or do it poorly?.
There are different internal and external factors such as: having a job,
consuming free time, or lack of teacher support. The teachers’ role and
motivation that will be discussed in detail.
8
1.2.2. Factors affecting homework completion among students
1.2.2.1. Internal Factors
Internal factors are those personal distractions which can interfere with
homework completion and the way a person perceives himself or herself. Here is
a brief examination of these factors:
a. Self- perception
Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to influence events that affect one’s
life and control over the way these events are experienced. (Bandura, 1994).
Self- perception reflects the confidence of the ability to control the motivation,
behavior and social environment on their own. It is often assigned the same
meaning with self-regulation, self-esteem, or optimism.Firstly, self-esteem
which is “confidence in one’s own worth or abilities” (Oxford dictionary.com,
2020). It can involve a variety of beliefs about yourself, such as the appraisal of
your own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors (Kendra Cherry, 2019).
Secondly, self-regulation, which is “the ability to act in your long-term best
interest, consistent with your deepest values” Stosny (2011). These factors
influence how people achieve them and their internal motivation. If a person has
a high self-esteem, they will adjust their perception. So, the person is internally
ready to do any task individually and take risks. The problem with self-
perception is due to a range of factors, some students lack self-confidence. This
can affect them not believing in their own abilities in doing homework.
b. Growing social life of adolescents
At a different age, each person is transformed both academically and
perspective. It can happen that a smart first-year student turns out to be a student
with poor outcome in second-year or third-year, or a diligent-student changes to a
slack one that makes both parents and teachers unhappy.
In fact, while the person is growing up, they get less concerned about doing a
task to the best of their abilities. As I observed, there are many third-year English
majors at Hai Phong Management and Technology University not doing
homework but they did it completely when they were first-year. Some external
factors can be involved as well in this change.
9
1.2.2.2. External Factors
External factors are elements that influence students’ results and
performances from the outside. These factors have a close connection with the
family and life of the student. In Vietnam, families are normally big. In such
families, they have had one or two babies.
The close relatives often come to each other’s house to relax after a stressful day
at work, so there are always guests at home and they are expected to entertain
instead of studying alone. A number of students, even if they want to do
homework, can not have a quiet place to study. Besides that, most of the students
have a job. Because of low family income, they need to have a part-time job to
improve their life. This job will both support the family and fund their own
expenses and school fees. And as a result, the students have limited time to do
homework or do it well.
In addition, the development of technology also greatly affects the students.
Cell phones and computers have distracted them from their studies. Every night,
instead of doing homework, the numbers of students chat online and play games
with their friends.
More and more they get caught up in these things and spend a lot of time on it. If
this continues for a long time, it’s really dangerous.
1.2.2.3. School factors
Considering the context of the school, class size is a crucial factor when
considering homework. At Hai Phong Management and Technology University,
there are large class sizes. It is normal to see class with about 25 students. Large
class sizes are a barrier to teaching providing quality support for all learners.
The teachers cannot check each student’s homework, so the students can go
around homework: by not doing it properly, copy it from some sources or
entirely avoid it. Besides, there is a belief that learners have grown up and can be
responsible for their own learning. But on the contrary, they become more
passive and not doing tasks when teachers do not check. Therefore, it gave them
a bad habit and no longer interested in doing homework.
1.2.2.4. Teacher’s role
One of the most important factors that cannot be ignored in this problem is the
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role of the teacher. They are the one who decides the number of homework,
deadlines, score and consequence of not having homework. Therefore, the
teachers also partially influence the interest and boredom of students. Let’s
examine each factor individually.
a. Motivation and enjoyability of tasks
Homework is considered as a boring task that takes students leisure time.
Because the students had to study too much at school, they just wanted to relax
at home. Teachers may assign from 2-4 reading homework per week that do not
have connection with real life in University. Students cannot connect their
homework with real life, so they feel it is useless and boring.
That is a key factor which leads to demotivation. For each student, if a task
turned them off, they would postpone and not complete at all. With the lack of
enjoyment for a long time, one can cause loss of interest and motivation.
b. Scores and deadlines
Many teachers used scores to force students to do homework. High scores
are allocated for those who do homework completely. They believe that will
cause a higher external motivation, but it is very stressful. Students may get
competitive with each other, and if the teacher is not fair with scoring then
students are again demotivated. Some teachers set deadlines to submit
homework but there are students who face different problems.
The most significant problem is that they have real problems beyond their
control like being ill. In this case, students are negatively impacted. If there is
not a method for students to do homework after a deadline, they will suffer from
an elevated level of stress and take a defensive role again. Both of these factors
need to be considered carefully to motivate students when doing homework.
1.3. Appropriate amount of homework
Some teachers tend to give a large amount of homework to students and in
cases where there is lack of teachers support. This situation is common for third
year English majors at Hai Phong Management and Technology University. In
lower levels like first and second year, they prioritize grammar, so their
homework is related to it. Therefore, the workload is small and easy. Students
just spend 50 minutes to 2 hours each day to complete homework. But they have
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to study a very difficult program, when they become third-year students. The
learner needs to have strong grammar knowledge to communicate perfectly. It
shows that homework is important for reviewing knowledge at home. At this
level, students must receive twice as much homework as before.
The homework also increases again, so homework time up to 3-4 hours at night.
“Any student who is doing more than 3 1/2 hours of homework a night is
actually at risk for higher stress levels and poor mental and physical health,”
Pope said. It seems that the amount of homework is impossible to finish in one
night, but the student doesn’t have a choice but to complete it. By completing
the homework the student has a limited amount of sleep causing the lack of
focus throughout the day. This is no stranger to every third year reading lesson.
Some teachers assign different long articles for students to read before coming
to class or long research papers are expected from students in addition to
everyday preparation needed for each lesson. Each reading comprehension task
usually consists of 2 to 3 pages after which students will answer the questions.
This leads to students feeling overwhelmed that they become discouraged even
to do their homework.
Reading a long text makes students feel stressed because they have to really
concentrate to understand it. It affects the quality of homework that leads to
weakening of students’ reading skills.
Through the above evidence, the amount of homework has a strong influence on
the students’ ability to do homework. The large number of exercises and long
readings is one of the main factors that make students lose interest in it. To help
understand the above mentioned factors, a literature review was conducted. This
review examines articles that focus on the problem of not completing and
assigning homework appropriately.
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CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
In the previous chapter, some main theoretical issues about reading skill,
homework and factors affecting were discussed. This chapter will present a
detailed description of the participants of the study, methods, instruments, the
data collection and the data analysis.
2.1. The setting of the study
The Foreign Language Department is located at C building, Hai Phong
Management and Technology University, 36 Dan Lap, Le Chan, Hai Phong,
which mainly focus on training languages such as English, Chinese, and
Japanese. There are two classes which were chosen randomly from five classes
participating in this study. They are English class and English-Japanese class.
They have from 15-20 pages of reading homework for twice a week. Their
homework would be related to it. Normally it focuses on matching headings,
true false not given, paragraph headings, short answer questions and reading
many articles homework.
2.2. Participants
Seven teachers of English and 23 students participated in this study. The
students are 3rd year English majors who are attending class NA2101 and
NA2101N, aged between 20 and 23 years. All these participants are students
from different regions in Vietnam.
Questionnaires were delivered to 23 students and 23 questionnaires were
collected. For those who study English, they have learnt English for 2 to 17
years as a compulsory subject. In general, Students have the same background
knowledge but are not equal in gender (7 males and 16 females). The seven
teachers’ age ranges from 25 to 35. All of the teachers are from Hai Phong,
Vietnam. All of them have at least six years of English teaching at Foreign
Language Department, Hai Phong Management and Technology University.
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2.3. Methods of the study
The method used in this study is quantitative because it is considered an
easy tool to summarize, analyze, report the collected data and provide a
reasonable way to assign homework to teachers because all participants
answered the same sentence. ask. In particular, data was collected via two
survey questionnaires, one for the two teachers and the other for 23 students.
The questionnaires were created based on both the literature framework of
Dornyei (2001a) and Sakai, Kikuchi (2009). Then, the final version was
delivered to the students and teachers.
The first survey questionnaires are for students. They give their opinions as well
as their views to answer the questions that the author gives. Questions related to
the homework problems which the teacher assigns students after each lesson.
Once completed, the results will be sent via email to the author. When the
survey results are available, the author will analyze data and then find solutions
for teachers so that they can assign homework appropriately.
The second survey questionnaires are for teachers. The methods that teachers
apply to students to encourage them to do homework will be analyzed. The
results of the survey will be collected via email. And then, the author will
analyze the ineffective methods and propose other methods to help students
successfully complete the homework.
2.4. Instruments
This study uses a quantitative method. There are two questionnaires, one for
students and one for teachers. The researcher proposed a combination of
opened-end, closed-end and scaling questions to facilitate the comprehension of
the collected information and data analysis. In this study, the questionnaire for
students consists of 10 questions, which covers two main factors, namely,
individual and contextual factors affecting students’ difficulties in doing
homework. The questionnaire for teachers has two main parts. The first part is
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about personal information including name, gender, age and years of teaching
English. The second part includes 7 questions, its main purpose is to investigate
their attitude towards doing homework in general and their own teaching
activities in particular.
2.4.1. Questionnaire for students
Relevant research on the motivating and demodulation factors in second
language learning. The questionnaire is designed to find out the factors that make
students lose interest in homework to provide appropriately methods for
assigning tasks. In accordance with the student’s major, the questionnaire is
written in English and sent via email. The questionnaire is divided into two parts.
Those are multiple choice questions that help students easily evaluate.
Part one is about checking your reading proficiency and the time they spend
doing homework. This part consists of two questions, each question has four
choice answers. The first question is about the student’s reading proficiency.
They assess their own proficiency and then choose the suitable answer. It has
four levels such as: pre-intermediate, intermediate, upper-intermediate, advanced.
The second question is about students’ time for homework. Each student spends
a different time on homework corresponding to their level. There are four time
periods for students including under 30 minutes, 30-60 minutes, 60-90 minutes
and more than 2 hours.
In part two, the survey relates to their attitudes and viewpoint on reading
homework. It has eight survey questions. Students will choose the option that
they think is appropriate. In this part, the author gives quotes related to
homework. Students give their answers by choosing “Yes” or “No”. Besides
that, there is a question about the types of reading homework. The content of the
question is reading tasks which take a great amount of time. The types of reading
homework which they often get as matching headings, paragraph headings, short
answer questions, reading many articles. Moreover, the author also wants to
investigate students’ opinion on the difficulty of homework. In this question, they
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will evaluate the homework assigned by the teacher to improve their reading
skills. There are three options that are normal, easy and difficult. Students’ ability
to complete homework is also discussed.
2.4.2. Questionnaire for teachers
The purpose of the survey is to investigate methods of assigning homework for
teachers to third year English major students at Hai Phong Management and
Technology University. Through this, the author will suggest some methods to
help teachers assign homework appropriately. The questionnaire for teachers has
two main parts. The survey includes both multiple choice and short answer
questions. The teacher will write the methods they have applied to students in
assigning tasks.
The first part is aimed at investigating personal information including name,
gender, age and year of instruction. Because each teacher has different methods,
the author wants to investigate according to each person’s teaching experience.
The second part consists of seven questions, its main purpose is to investigate the
method in which the teacher assigns homework to students and the effectiveness
of those methods.
Moreover, the author also gives questions about the teacher’s goal when
assigning homework. Teachers respond by writing 2-4 sentences about their
purpose. Most homeworks have the main aspects that the teacher focuses on.
Understanding this problem, teachers gave four main aspects for teachers to
choose. These are grammar and vocabulary, skills and all of them. It finds out
teachers’ perception of their students’ reading proficiency and motivation in
homework.
