ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Adaptability of Internet banking in Haryana State of India
Dissertation submitted in part fulfillment of the requirement for
the degree of masters in business administration (MBA) with Dublin Business School
Pooja
Student Number: 10263594
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
1.1.
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
1.2.
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
1.3.
BACKGROUND OF INTERNET BANKING ……………………………………………………………………………………. 12
1.4 RATIONALE OF THE TOPIC
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
1.5 PROBLEM STATEMENT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
1.6 RESEARCH AIM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
1.7 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
1.8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
1.9 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………………………. 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
2.2 RUDIMENTARY OF INTERNET BANKING ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
2.3 BEGINNING OF COMPUTERIZATION IN INDIAN BANKS
……………………………………………………………………….. 18
2.4 CURRENT STATUS OF E-BANKING ADOPTION IN INDIA
……………………………………………………………………….. 19
2.5 INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA
………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
2.6 Reasons of low adoptability of internet banking in Haryana …………………………………………………. 21
2.7 BENEFITS OF INTERNET BANKING
………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Benefits for Customers …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Convenience and Ease ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Availability at almost every time ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Self Service Channel
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Saving of both money and time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
2.8 BENEFITS TO BANKS
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
A rise in the profitability
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Cost Effective Technology ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Reaching to area with no banks ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
Improvement of the customer’s relationship
…………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Adoption of internet banking in Haryana…………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Persuasion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Knowledge ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
Confirmation
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
Decision ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Implementation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
2.9 MODELS AND THEORIES OF INTERNET BANKING……………………………………………………………………………… 25
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) ………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
…………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
Triandis Model
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Technology Acceptance Model ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
2.10 DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION IN INTERNET BANKING ……………………………………………………………………….. 29
Observability
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Trialability ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Complexity …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
Compatibility ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
Relative Advantage
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
2.11 COMPARISON OF MODELS AND THEORIES DESCRIBED 200 ………………………………………………………………. 30
2.12FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA
…………………………………………………………………….. 30
Security ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Site Disruption and Navigation
………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Education ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
User Apprehension ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Accessibility………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
2.13 IMPACT OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA DISTRICT ……………………………………………………………………. 32
Positive impact
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Negative impact …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
2.14 LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………….. 34
3.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
3.2 RESEARCH ONION
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
3.3 RESEARCH PARADIGMS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
3.4 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
3.4.1 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY …………………………………………………………………………………. 36
3.5 RESEARCH APPROACH …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
3.5.1JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH APPROACH ……………………………………………………………………………………. 36
3.6RESEARCH DESIGN
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37
3.6.1JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN
………………………………………………………………………………………… 37
3.7RESEARCH STRATEGY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37
3.7.1 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH STRATEGY
…………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
3.8DATA COLLECTION METHODS
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
3.8.1Quantitative data collection methods ……………………………………………………………………………….. 38
3.9DATA ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39
3.10ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
3.11SAMPLING METHODS AND SAMPLE SIZE
……………………………………………………………………………………… 40
3.12RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 40
3.13RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
3.14ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
3.15TIME HORIZON
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Table 1: Gantt chart ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
3.16SUMMARY
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS /FINDINGS
…………………………………………………………………….. 43
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS/ FINDINGS …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
4.2 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
4.2.1 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC
………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
4.2.2Familiarity with Internet banking…………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
4.2.3 THREE MAIN REASON OF LOW ADOPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING
…………………………………………………… 48
4.2.4RANKING TO THE ALL SEVEN REASONS ………………………………………………………………………………………. 50
4.2.5WHICH PARTICULAR PROBLEM SHOULD NEED TO SOLVE FIRST OUT OF SEVEN: ………………………………………… 50
4.2.6WHICH TYPE OF SERVICES CURRENTLY USED BY THE CUSTOMERS? ………………………………………………………. 51
4.2.7SATISFACTION LEVEL OF CUSTOMERS
………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
4.2.8HOW OFTEN CUSTOMERS USE INTERNET BANKING ………………………………………………………………………… 53
How long customers are using Internet banking
……………………………………………………………………….. 53
4.3ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
4.3.1 Research sub questions …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
…………………………………………………. 56
5.1 CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
5.2.1 Suggestions to the customers …………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
5.2.2Suggestions to the banks and government ………………………………………………………………………… 58
CHAPTER6: SELF-REFLECTION …………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
6.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 60
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
6.2 LEARNING STYLE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
6.3 LEARNING STYLE DESCRIPTION
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
6.4 LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
6.4.1 Research skills …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
6.4.2 Data analysis skill ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
6.4.3 Decision making skills ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
6.4.4 Team working skills
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
6.4.5 Time management skills ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
6.5 SELF REFLECTION
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
CHAPTER 7: BIBLIOGRAPHY
…………………………………………………………………………………………. 67
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
List of Figures
Figure 1: Platforms of Delivery for Electronic Banking (Source: Singh and Rani 2013)
…… 18
Figure 2: Structure of the stages in the adaptability process (Source: Salaiwarakul, 2013)
… 25
Figure 3: Planned behavior theory in Decomposed Model (Source: Marceau 2012)…………. 26
Figure 4: Theory of Reasoned Action (Source: Khrais, 2015) ……………………………………….. 27
Figure 5: Schematic Diagram of the Triandis model (Source: Fox 2014)
………………………… 28
Figure 6: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Source: Darwish and Hassan 2012) ……. 29
Figure 7: Research onion (Source: Saunders et al. 2009, pp. 52)
…………………………………… 34
Figure 8: Research Onion Adopted
…………………………………………………………………………….. 35
Figure 9: Ranking analysis………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
Figure 10: Pie hart for customer satisfaction ……………………………………………………………….. 53
Figure 11: Bar chart on respondent use of e-banking ……………………………………………………. 53
Figure 12: Pie chart on how long respondents use e-banking ………………………………………… 54
Figure 13: Cycle of effective learning (Chikring, 1981) ……………………………………………….. 61
Figure 14: Learning style(McLeod, 2010)
…………………………………………………………………… 62
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
List of Tables
Table 1: Gantt Chart…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
Table 2: Responses from village
………………………………………………………………………………… 44
Table 3: Eight categories for analysis
…………………………………………………………………………. 45
Table 4: Age group of respondent ……………………………………………………………………………… 46
Table 5: Occupation of respondent …………………………………………………………………………….. 46
Table 6: respondent familiarity with Internet banking services………………………………………. 47
Table 7: type of services used by respondent ………………………………………………………………. 48
Table 8: $ThreeSelectedReason Frequencies ………………………………………………………………. 49
Table 9: $Solution Frequencies …………………………………………………………………………………. 51
Table 10: $EbankingServices Frequencies ………………………………………………………………….. 52
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Acknowledgment
I am really thankful to God and my parents for supporting me and giving me the strength in
completing this research. I would like to say thanks form core of heart to my supervisor, Professor Ann
Masterson for her valuable professional guidance, appropriate suggestions, patience, and attention and
kind behavior. I would like to thank all respondents who participated in the survey for giving their
valuable time and attention. And finally I would like to thanks to all faculty for the all skills and priceless
knowledge I have learnt from them throughout the course.
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find out the three main reasons about the low adoptability of
internet banking in the villages of Haryana state in India. Here researcher consider the seven basic reason
of low adoptability of internet banking such as 1) high rate of illiteracy, 2) fear of fraud, 3) unable to
afford cost of internet, 4) lack of awareness about internet banking, 5) languages barriers, 6)
unavailability of internet network connection and 7) unbanked villages. For understanding the internet
banking appropriately, all factors effecting internet banking in India are studied well such as social factor,
legal factor, economical factor, knowledge level etc. For this study survey is choose as primary method
for collecting data and random sampling. The research also presents the several researches about the
customer perception towards the use of Internet banking and factors effecting internet banking. With the
help of survey three main reasons of Haryana has been find out from seven general reasons in all over
India. Those three reasons are lack of awareness, unbanked villages and fear of fraud. Furthermore,
internet banking has some advantages and disadvantages due to the some disadvantages it has low
adoptability. Nowadays, internet banking is becoming popular because of the continuous struggle of
government and banks.
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Introduction
Internet banking is a method of electronic payment system that enables the customers of the banks
and other financial institutions for conducting financial transactions. The internet banking system is a
system-oriented process that would access banking services for the benefit of customers. To be clear and
exact, the fundamental mechanism of internet banking, Internet banking and internet banking are same
thing. To access the financial area for internet banking facility, a customer needs to register with the
institution for setting up the service, setting up the passwords and other credentials for verification of the
customers (Choudhry 2011). However, the customer numbers are normally the same like the account
numbers. This is because the customer numbers can be linked to the account through savings, credit card,
cheque and other account related matters. It is observed that customer numbers and the credentials may
set up through various orientations. Here, the types of financial transactions that a customer transacts
through Internet banking would include obtaining account balances, electronic bill payments and the fund
transfers between the customer and the receiver’s account (Chiou and Shen 2012).
Internet banking is becoming popular in India due to the benefits given by the Prime Minister,
Narendra Modi. The mission of the PM is to make services of banking through digital roots. The
campaign of digital India was launched to ensure that the government services are available to the
citizens. It also improved the online infrastructure and the internet facilities by empowering technology.
The initiative included plans for connecting the rural areas through high-speed intent connectivity (Boot
and Ratnovski 2012). It includes three components mainly. This includes creation of digital
infrastructure, delivering services digitally and digital illiteracy.
1.2. Overview of the study
Internet banking has many names such as internet banking, virtual banking and is an electronic
expense system. Constant use of internet for the transactions related to business leads to a deep effect on
the industry of banking. This is a global process, which is creating a global market and the involvement of
internet banking into developing countries and places is lacking behind the Western countries. The
internet banking system is a part of the e-banking system operated by the banks individually. A customer
should have the internet access to register the online service with a secured password and other
information for verification of the customers. The qualifications for internet banking are not as same as
mobile or telephone internet banking (Bonin and Brambilla 2014). The financial institutions are regularly
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
checking the customer’s phone number to ensure whether they have given the right details or not. The
phone number of the customer can be related to any account controls such as savings, credit card,
cheques, and loan.
A customer may transact internet banking by visiting the financial institutions’ safe website and
logging in with the number allocated to the customer. Electronic bill payments, transferring funds
between customers are the main applications of internet banking (Biringer 2013). There are some banks,
which gives their customers the ability to download the transactions straight through the customers
accounting software. This facility also gives the customer to order statements, cheques books, suggest
change of location, and other daily transactions. Mainly places with poor economies, infrastructure, and
education have problem of slow adaptability of technology in the improving countries (Barker 2011). In
this research, there is an analysis for the adoption of internet banking in the Haryana state of India and
a variety of factors that are included in the acceptance by the users.
1.3. Background of Internet banking
Banking is always a high information concentrated activity that completely relies on the information
technology (IT) to process, acquire, and distribute the information to all the users. It not only processes
the information but also provides a different way for the banks in Haryana to deliver their services and
products. Banks have to update their technologies and innovations regularly to meet the demands of the
customers to provide reliable and convenient services in the state of Haryana (Agwu 2012). There are
many revolutionary methods to deliver a banking service through a medium of Internet. Since, the
Internet was introduced in the year 1969 it has brought a mainstream for communication. Recently, the
internet is growing in areas, which increases the medium for electronic commerce. With the rapid
involvement of the internet in the state of Haryana, banking has become a substitute channel to provide its
services and results. Recently, internet is considered as a weapon to revolutionize the way that a bank
operates, compete, and deliver their products and services in the areas of Haryana. As per the “Business
Week”, banking is crucial for a modern economy though banks are not (Chiou and Shen 2012). There is a
belief that internet will bring a revolution in retail banking. The possibilities of internet banking have
encouraged many banks to reconsider their IT strategies to remain competitive in the field. Today
customers are demanding flexibility and convenience from the internet banking services that are not
offered by the traditional banks.
Khrais (2015) supported the statement made on the “Business Week”. Internet banking has permitted
the required services demanded by the customers through financial institutions. Though there are many
benefits using internet banking some problems needs to be fixed so that it can be widely adapted
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
(Marceau 2012). It is firmly believed that internet banking will be a great success for the state of Haryana
and it will be widely adopted by most of the banks and financial institutions.
1.4 Rationale of the topic
What is the issue?
Adaptability of Internet banking in the state of Haryana is quite low. In this research, the researcher
has evaluated the issues regarding the slow adaptability of internet banking in Haryana. People do not
have enough knowledge and there is a high rate of illiteracy. They do not know the gates that E commerce
has opened for them. They think that if the transaction fails then there will be a loss of money and thereby
it is seen that there is a lack of awareness about internet banking. Actually, they have a fear of fraud that
might get them into trouble and hence they do not use internet banking (Pokharel 2011).
Internet cost might be a reason behind the decrement of internet banking in the state of Haryana.
Some families could not afford the cost of internet in their home. Then there are issues regarding
languages too. Some people could not complete the process because for online transactions they have to
be educated and well known about the topic. Customers have to be educated for these reasons. Regions
that have slow internet connections are a major point to the unusualness of internet banking in Haryana.
There are some rural or urban villages in Haryana that hardly contains a bank and internet banking is
considered as an imaginary concept.
Why is it an issue?
Internet has given many things to the common people but there are always some negative factors
about a system. Recently, cybercrime and hackers are hacking the customer’s account, which leads to a
threat for the loss of money. People in Haryana fears that the hackers could hack their accounts thereby
they do not use Internet banking. Governments should give weekly classes to the Haryana publics
regarding the internet banking and online transaction. Lack of education is one of the major issues for the
down path of internet banking. The clients handling these sections should give internet-banking brochures
in hand (Smith, Walter and DeLong 2012). There is a lack of awareness among the people regarding
internet banking. They should discuss with others about the methods and the usefulness of Internet
banking. Public in Haryana should be aware about the latest techniques brought by the financial
institutions, which might lead them to a hassle free transactions with respect to the retail banking system.
Internet costs should be maintained at low level so that more customers could join Internet banking
system. Government should give free internet access and a good internet connection to every location so
that the digital process comes not only in Haryana but also to other relevant places. If these regulations
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
are taken into considerations, then Haryana will become a major place using in internet banking
(Spitzeck, Pirson and Dierksmeier 2012).
1.5 Problem Statement
The individuals of the state Haryana are the late adopters of Internet and its uses in case of Internet
Banking or Internet banking. In not only Haryana, this crisis comes in some other places too. No study
has been done which explains the factors that could affect the Internet Banking in the state of Haryana.
Haryana is adopting new technologies that will update the service industry, which includes “e shopping,
e-commerce, and internet banking”. Competition of the banks in Haryana is carrying the adoptability of
internet banking. It appears that internet banking in Haryana is facing some problems. However, the
reasons are not unique but there have been some issues. There is a lack of government policies with
respect to the e commerce regulations and laws (Raheem 2014). Internet connection is crucial for these
transactions. Lack of internet might bring the whole transaction to be worthless.
Customers in the state are terrified to use internet banking as they think that any mistake could lead to
a loss of money. For this same reason, the customers in Haryana are not comfortable shopping online.
They think that online shopping portals return policy might be a long-term process and there might a loss
of satisfaction and money in the process. There are some security issues too like ones data might be
hacked and their privacy will be broken. Network security is must for these online transactions (Pan,
Chen and Nguyen 2012). There should be regular educations regarding the online transaction. People in
Haryana should know the advantage of internet banking. There are limited numbers of banks using
internet transaction thereby decreasing the number of individuals using internet banking. However,
customers have a good knowledge on Internet but they could not combine Internet and Banking together.
Many customers just do not like the features and technology and possess a fear that the computer might
jingle with their personal accounts. As stated above that many places are having these same issues or
problems regarding their banking on the internet. Banks should offer some coaching sessions regarding
the topic of Internet banking in some locations and the teachings should be well spread among the others
who did not have the time for the sessions (Oseni and Omoola 2015). People in Haryana are comfortable
in the retail based banking for conducting their transactions. Recently, commercial banks are promoting
new plans and features to improve their strategies on Internet Banking System.
1.6 Research Aim
The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the three main reasons out of seven general reasons
of “low adaptability of Internet banking in the Haryana state of India”. Here researcher consider the
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
seven basic reason of low adoptability of internet banking such as 1) high rate of illiteracy, 2) fear of
fraud, 3) unable to afford cost of internet, 4) lack of awareness about internet banking, 5) languages
barriers, 6) unavailability of internet network connection and 7) unbanked villages.
1.7 Research Objectives
Under these, the research objectives are as follows:
To find the rate of literacy and the fear of fraud regarding internet banking in the Haryana
To find the factors for the decreasing people using or affording internet connection
To access the language barriers and awareness of internet banking in the state of Haryana
To evaluate the determinants for the unavailability of internet connections in Haryana
To access the rate of banks in the rural and urban areas of Haryana
1.8 Research questions
1. What is the rate of illiteracy and fear of fraud for internet banking in Haryana?
2. Why the customers of Haryana could not afford internet in their places?
3. What is the rate of unbanked villages of Haryana state?
1.9 Research Hypothesis
H0: There have been some researches and it is seen that Haryana is not only affected but Uttar
Pradesh, another state of India also have the same reasons for low adaptability of Internet banking. It is
expected that Haryana have also the same reasons for the low adaptability of internet banking.
H1: Though there are many services in the state but these services are of no use to the customers who
live in villages of Haryana state. The literacy level of rural areas are even low than the urban areas in
India as well as they have a more number of banks in urban areas than in rural areas. On the other hand,
there is a problem with the internet connection and its costs too.
1.10 Structure of the dissertation
Internet banking has many facilities and capabilities that include downloading statements of bank,
viewing transactions that are recent, transfer of funds between customers, investment sale or purchase and
many others. Haryana banks are not gaining their full support from the customers. In this research, the
researcher has separated the dissertation into five chapters. It includes introduction, research
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
methodology, literature review, finding and analysis, and finally recommendations and conclusions. The
first chapter is composed of internet Banking rationale and background, research aims and objectives
(Laidler, 2014). The second chapter consists of review on literature that includes definitions, analysis, and
objectives. The third chapter is comprised of research methodology, which includes approach, research
philosophy, data collection methods and strategies. The fourth chapter contains findings and analysis that
would be described with quantitative and qualitative questionnaires. The fifth and the last chapter
contains recommendations and conclusions that will be explained from the analysis segment of the
research (Khrais 2015).
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter, various themes are to be covered. Firstly, the importance of internet banking and its
conception is studied in detail with respect to the city Haryana in India. As opined by Mahfooz, Al-
Motairi, Ahmad and Khan (2013), the benefits that the people of Haryana can avail through the system of
internet banking and the banks in the city are enormous. Secondly, the literal meaning for the adoption of
the Internet banking is discussed. Thirdly, there is a detailed discussion of the theoretical models based on
the intentions. Finally, there is an appropriate design of the research hypothesis and model.
2.2 Rudimentary of Internet Banking
The electronic system of banking is a complex system with many channels of distribution. The
platform through which the electronic banking is seen to operate is much larger. The most common way
of performing electronic banking in this current scenario is through the Internet banking (Khare, Mishra
and Singh 2012). Electronic banking can be performed through many ways. The simplest form is the
provision of the services and the information to customers through the devices like the television,
telephone, computer and mobile (Sindwani and Goel 2014). It has been opined by Bishnoi and Tandon
(2013) that this is basically a connection of the customers and the banks through the electronic mode so
that it can help in the management, controlling and preparing of financial transaction. The internet
banking transaction like accessing of accounts can be easily done by the customers through the internet
banking (Mahfooz, Al-Motairi, Ahmad and Khan 2013). The customers of internet banking in Haryana
are still not familiar with the internet banking system but they are trying to get accustomed to the latest
technology, as they can understand there is an ample scope for them to explore and avail advantage.
Internet banking at the advanced stage is described as the transactional system of internet banking as there
are a number of provisions of facilities like the transfer of the funds. Accessing of the accounts and
purchasing of the online financial products. The two terms i.e. the electronic form of banking and the
internet banking are synonymously used in literatures. The electronic banking is performed through the
internet banking. There are mainly three ways through which the internet banking and internet banking is
delivered i.e. Personal Computers, Internet and the telephone. Lal (2015) said that there are four mediums
through which internet banking is performed. The four mediums are Internet banking, PC banking,
Television based banking and managed banking. It is very important to note that PC banking and the
Internet banking system is not the same. The PC based system of banking involves the customer’s to
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
download software that is suggested the banks in their PCs but the Internet form of banking is browsing
based. Kumar and Garg (2012) suggest that the electronic delivery channel of banking is through the
internet via the use of Personal computers.
The importance of the TV based banking, mobile banking and the managed network banking is losing
its ground (Mishra 2015). As stated by Kumar and Garg (2012), it is expected that is future the platform
of delivery involves a shift from the wired platform to wireless technology.
The following are platforms of delivery for the electronic banking:
Figure 1: Platforms of Delivery for Electronic Banking (Source: Singh and Rani 2013)
2.3 Beginning of Computerization in Indian banks
As per the various recommendations of the committees and working groups RBI tie bank computerization
was introduced to enhance the technology in the Indian commercial banks. In 1983-84 the first blue print
for bank computerization in India was emerged as a phased plan for the mechanization of banking
industry (1985-89). Even, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) installed the first computer in 1968 and then
in 1979 a larger one. (Personal Website of R.Kannan, no date).
On the other hand, some other banks had installed accounting and other machines before 1966 those
banks are United Commercial Bank (UCO), the Standard Chartered Bank, Lloyds’ Bank, Grindlays and
some other. A large scale of computerization was constituted by the Dr. C. Rangrajan in 1985 in the
Indian public sector banks which were undertaken by the Phased plan of computerization. And now, most
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
of the pubic banks are fully computerized. Banks in India had installed 4776 ALOMs at the branch level,
during the first phase of computerization spanning the five years ending 1989. It included 233 mini
computers at Regional/Controlling office levels and provided the training to the personals over 2000
programmers/systems and 1200 Data Entry Terminal Operators. It was proved by the RBI Annual Report
of 2008-09 that 100% computerization in the SBI group and 97.60 % in the some other nationalized
banks.
On the other hand, the term internet banking means the services of banking like the loan application,
inquiry of account balance, introduction of services, transfer of funds and much more. All this are
provided through the banks via the internet. The system of internet banking has evolved into an
information unit and a one-stop service (Kharb and Verma 2014). This helps in great benefits to the banks
and the consumers. Michael Karlin, the CEO and President, of the first virtual banking system around the
world, discussed the idea of the internet banking (Sindwani and Goel 2015). The follows are the ideas
described by him:
There is no need for any purchase of software, storing of the data, backing up of the information
as all transaction is taking place through the Internet.
The internet banking services can be conducted in any location but the only necessity is that there
is a need of a computer or a modern device. The location can be in a foreign country, home or
even office.
The internet banking services can be used any time of the day i.e. 24 hours. There is no need for
reconciliation of the internet banking statement or tracking the manually through the ATM or
through paper checks.
2.4 Current status of e-banking adoption in India
In India there are 205 million people are internet users, India has third rank after China and US the
percentage of Indian internet user is 12.6%. In India large number of internet users are from the urban
area around 137 million, where as in the rural area the percentage of internet users are lesser as compare
to urban area. Nevertheless, most of the people in India use internet only for the purpose of
communication (90%) and only 10% do online transaction out of total population. This indicates the great
opportunities for the internet banking in the India (Rao, 2013).
On the basis of statistics of 2014, it was assumed that the internet baking user would increase in the India
and reached at 213 million. It is calculated that India beaten the US in the number of users and got the
second place by replacing US. As per the record of current scenario, it is shows that out of 205 million
internet user in India prefer mobile banking. It is become possible due to the fast growth in IT
development in the banking system in the big cities, where as in the suburban and rural areas in the India
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
adoptability of e-banking is low. Furthermore, other than ATM e-banking service still does not have any
increase out of total transaction in the suburban area and rural area. It is happening because of lack of
awareness about the all e-banking services facilitate by the bank for the customers comfort (Singh, 2013).
According to the BCG (The Bostion Consulting group) research, there are three effective solutions for the
growth in adoptability of e-banking. The solutions are reaching semi-rural area/ rural area versus metro
cities, increasing affordable access and enhanced awareness. Indian government planning to provide low
cost internet instruments like cell phone, laptop etc for the people who have low income. Furthermore,
reducing internet data plan cost and providing free wi.fi services in rural areas is also a best way to
connecting those people to the internet who has low income level. And organising internet awareness
programmes for enhancing knowledge about the benefit and use of e-banking (The Rise in Internet
Penetration and the Changing Face of Digital India, no date).
The development of e-banking decline the importance of branches of banks it means number of
branch establishment is limited. The development in the information technology allows the customers to
access the all services through internet banking without visiting to the bank. The Automated Teller
Machines (ATM) is a suitable example for explaining the growth of e-banking. It is expected that within
the short period of time ATMS will be extensively used by the customers of semi-urban and rural areas
(Flathers, 2013).
The technology-led procedure is describing us to what has been described as virtual banking.
The virtual banking services have multiple benefits. It is realized by the many banks that there is a
significant number of customers like to use e-banking facilities. On the basis of existing 24-hours
telephone banking system positive result, so many banks have developed and applied the various vital e-
banking applications so that now their customer the can pay the bills, transfer money among account,
check account history, download statements information and computerize their check book online very
easily (J. Parmar, 2013).
2.5 Internet Banking in Haryana
Internets banking in Haryana are provided by many banks. The following are the banks that provide
Internet banking services in Haryana:
Internet banking services provided by the bank SBI (State Bank of India)
Payment of bills: The SBI e-Pay is a very convenient and the simplest way of paying and receiving
the customer’s bill online. There is no late payment, queues or hassle related to paying of deposits.
Auto Pay: The Auto pay method will help the customers to pay the bills automatically when there is
a due (Kumar 2015).
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Internet banking Services provided by the ICICI Bank
The ICICI internet banking helps in the payment of the bills and management of it any time and
customers can also enjoying online shopping.
Internet banking services by the HDFC banks
The internet banking services are very common to that of the ICICI banks. The bank promises
reduced transaction cost and perfect flow of information (Bansal 2016).
2.6 Reasons of low adoptability of internet banking in Haryana
According to the 2012 Institute of Inter Disciplinary Business Research, there are four main reason of low
adoptability of e-banking such as:
Knowledge barrier: it is categorised into four types such as limited trained human, lack of
technological knowledge, improper use of technology and language barrier. India has 22 official
languages so it creates language barriers for e-banking because it is very difficult to provide e-
banking services in 22 different languages. (Talwar, 2014)
Legal & security barrier: due to lack of limited, increased potential of fraud, lack of trust and
denial of e-documents by the court creates the hurdle in the growth of e-banking.
Social: due to lack of awareness, high rate of illiteracy customer are away from the e-banking
services benefits.
Economic: as compare to urban area income of rural area people have lesser. So they have
problem in affording cost of internet (Insan, 2010).
Unbanked villages are also the most effective reason for the low adoptability of e-banking in the
villages of Haryana state in India. As per the recent news article (C Roy, 2014) in the Haryana
state of India there 4077 villages are consider as a unbanked village so the group of 2 or 3
unbanked villages choose a particular village’s bank for banking services. It is economic issue of
low adoptability of e-banking so it is necessary to find out answer of this question.
2.7 Benefits of Internet Banking
The following are the benefits that are enjoyed by the customers and the banks through the internet
banking:
Benefits for Customers
The customers when availing the internet banking needs lesser time to wait for accessing their
accounts. This is more convenient than the traditional system of banking and the cost of the infrastructure
is low for this type of banking system. The time is reduced and the limitation of the place helps in
providing ample of benefits to the customers more conveniently when performing banking activities.
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
There so many services which make the customers like comfortable and easy such to make the payment
of all bills, transferring money within 5 minutes setting at home, account enquiry customer can see all
history of transaction without going bank and so many.
Convenience and Ease
There is a great degree of convenience and ease when accessing the use of the internet banking. The
consumers are able to transact through the internet by providing them with the comfort of office or the
home without even going outside. The consumers are able to keep an account of their transaction while
staying at their home. This will make them feel convenient and satisfied. The internet has made the non-
transactional facilities like the updating of the accounts, online checkbooks and inquiring of the financial
products and the interest inquiry simpler. Furthermore, internet banking is 24×7 service customer can use
it any time and from anywhere. No need to wait for opening and closing of the banks without any
restriction customer can do his work.
Availability at almost every time
Customers through the internet banking can access the internet banking services and the facilities
almost any time in the year from anywhere. As stated by Bansal (2016), there is no need for the customers
to wait for the bank to be open for withdrawing of money.
Self Service Channel
There is a self-service channel provided through the internet banking for the customers for different
types of banking services. There is no need to be dependent upon the internet banking staffs and
processing time for availing the services (Malhotra and Singh 2015). The most popular technology of
banking services is the internet banking. The use of self-service technology has positively affected the
perceived usefulness of the buyers.
Saving of both money and time
Nowadays, due to the invention of internet banking there is a no need to travel to the banks to get the
internet banking services rather the advantages enjoy staying back at home or office is much more. As
opined by Malhotra and Singh(2015), the advantages are lesser traffic, less fuel cost, less time
consumption no need to stand many hours in queue for small things and saving the environment through
less use of paper and motor vehicle. Moreover, internet banking reduced the dependency of customer on
bank staff now there is a self service. It is beneficial for both customer and banks.
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
2.8 Benefits to Banks
A rise in the profitability
The profitability of the banks increases with the adoption of the internet by the banks. The operation
ratio of efficiencies of the internet using banks is more than the banks that uses the traditional form of
banking systems. The internet-supported banks can offer banking services at affordable rates to the
customers rather than the banks that do not use the internet banking.
Cost Effective Technology
There is an opportunity of self-service to the consumers through the internet banking. So the
customers can also save their travelling expenses by using internet banking. The banks are also able to
control the administrative costs through cutting down of more workforces up to a certain extent (Kaur and
Kiranb 2015). The paper work that is performed in the traditional banking system is no longer required in
the internet banking system so that cost also reduced.
Reaching to area with no banks
The use of the internet banking has increased the customer’s base and the geographical area through
the low cost deployment of electronic channels. The banks are providing banking services through the
internet where there are no bank branches in the area. As stated by Singh(2014), the financial institutions
they are trying to get more customers through their branchless banking. In Haryana out of 6841 villages
there 4077 villages are such villages where is no bank branches. It is difficult for the government to
establish the branches in all villages in a short time but government can provide internet banking facilities
to those villages.
Improvement of the customer’s relationship
The strategic priority for most of the banks is considered very important. The customers will be able
to establish a good relationship when they are able to access a wide range of products from the internet-
facilitated banks (Singh 2014). When there a good relationship with the customers exist there will be
increased level of loyalty, improved cross selling and retention of the customers of the banks. It is only
possible when banks spread the information about the benefit of internet banking everywhere in a
particular city. The cross-selling opportunities and customer satisfaction increases through the internet
banking facilities.
Adoption of internet banking in Haryana
Adoption is the continuation and acceptance of product, ideas, and services. As opined by Yusuf
Dauda and Lee (2015) customers go through “a method of persuasion, knowledge, confirmation and
decision” before they become ready to adopt a service or product in the state of Haryana. A technological
invention can be brought in many stages that include persuasion, knowledge, confirmation, decision, and
implementation. Customers in Haryana have to pass through these objects before taking decision whether
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
to reject or adopt an innovation or invention. As stated above the stages for accepting the innovation,
there is a brief discussion regarding the stages for the adaptability of Internet banking in the state of
Haryana.
Persuasion
In this stage, customers’ attitude is formed towards the invention. By predicting the future and the
risk of adoption, the customer in Haryana develops a negative or positive attitude towards the innovation,
which plays a major role in modifying the ultimate decision. As stated by Yu (2014) “attitudes regarding
the innovation as its compatibility, advantage, and complexity are very essential”.
Knowledge
This is a crucial factor for the public in Haryana particularly in rural areas. The literacy rate is very
low in those places that lead to an incompatibility with the latest innovations and inventions in case of E
commerce. Personality variables, socio economic characteristics and communications are highly required
to innovativeness (Xirong and Jin 2011). Knowledge is a very important factor for all the people in
Haryana as well as for the customers in India to increase the adaptability of Internet banking in the rural
and urban places. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of internet banking customer should
be literate at least basic knowledge. And According to the research, it is seen that the primary adopters
have more education than recent adopters are more likely to possess.
Confirmation
This stage comes at the satisfaction of the customers after the adoption of the latest techniques and
innovations in Haryana. Customers are evaluating their results after using the internet banking system. If
the level of satisfaction is good then the idea of innovation will proceed (Spitzeck, Pirson and
Dierksmeier 2012). It is also seen that customers might use Internet banking process and then rejects the
adoption for this system due to their own personal reasons. It is all depend on the customers’ satisfaction
level how they will react about internet banking. The reverse of this decision leads to discontinuance.
Decision
This stage comes when a consumer is linked with the activities that lead to rejection or adoption of
the latest innovations taken place in the state of Haryana. The customer in this stage vigorously seeks out
the information about the latest technology that helps them in their decision making process regarding
Internet banking in the state of Haryana.
Implementation
In this stage decision-making and information regarding the internet banking ends, but there is always
a communication change that took place (Smith, Walter and DeLong 2012). It is explained in a better way
in the below diagram.
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ADAPTABILITY OF INTERNET BANKING IN HARYANA STATE OF INDIA
Figure 2: Structure of the stages in the adaptability process (Source: Salaiwarakul, 2013)
2.9 Models and Theories of Internet banking
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
As opined by Raheem (2014), a good understanding between the backgrounds and belief structures
needs the breakdown of attitudinal views. The cognitive mechanisms of trust could not be prepared into a
single cognitive or conceptual unit. It is also mentioned that among the diffusion of invention theory, the
attitudinal belief has three characteristics that increase the adoption. The characteristics are “complexity,
relative advantage, and compatibility”. It is showed that pure TPB model has a better explanatory power
than the decayed model of TPB. There is an argument that internet banking is a technological invention
and thereby the decayed TPB model offers a more satisfactory clarification of approval intentions.
Complexity is a degree at which an invention is accepted to understand, operate, and learn. It can also be
defined as the degree at which an invention is achieved as comparatively difficult to handle, operate, and
understand (Pokharel 2011). Inventions are easy to understand, are less critical and stand a chance of
higher acceptability, and use by the customers in the state of Haryana. Therefore, it is expected to have
negative relationship between complexity and attitude. It has been found that complexity plays a major
role in the technology adoption choice (Pan, Chen and Nguyen 2012).
