BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG
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ISO 9001:2015
KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP
NGÀNH: Ngôn ngữ Anh – Nhật
Sinh viên : Hà Thị Hồng Tươi
Giảng viên hướng dẫn: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Hoa
HẢI PHÒNG – 2019
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HAI PHONG MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
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A STUDY ON TRANSLATION OF MOVIE TITLES FROM
ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE
GRADUATION PAPER
Student : Ha Thi Hong Tuoi
Class : NA1901N
Supervisor : MA.Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa
HAI PHONG – 2019
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG
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NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP
Sinh viên: Hà Thị Hồng Tươi Mã SV: 1512751015
Lớp : Na1901N Ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh- Nhật
Tên đề tài: A study on translation of movie titles from English into
Vietnamese
NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI
1. Nội dung và các yêu cầu cần giải quyết trong nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt nghiệp
( về lý luận, thực tiễn, các số liệu cần tính toán và các bản vẽ).
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2. Các số liệu cần thiết để thiết kế, tính toán.
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3. Địa điểm thực tập tốt nghiệp.
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CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP
Người hướng dẫn thứ nhất:
Họ và tên:…………………………………………………………………………………
Học hàm, học vị:………………………………………………………………………..
Cơ quan công tác:………………………………………………………………………
Nội dung hướng dẫn:………………………………………………………………….
Người hướng dẫn thứ hai:
Họ và tên:…………………………………………………………………………………
Học hàm, học vị:………………………………………………………………………..
Cơ quan công tác:………………………………………………………………………
Nội dung hướng dẫn:………………………………………………………………….
Đề tài tốt nghiệp được giao ngày … tháng ….. năm …..
Yêu cầu phải hoàn thành xong trước ngày …. tháng ….. năm ……
Đã nhận nhiệm vụ ĐTTN Đã giao nhiệm vụ ĐTTN
Sinh viên Người hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày …… tháng……..năm 2019
Hiệu trưởng
GS.TS.NGƯT Trần Hữu Nghị
QC20-B18
CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN TỐT NGHIỆP
Họ và tên giảng viên: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Đơn vị công tác:
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Họ và tên sinh viên:
…………………………………… Chuyên ngành: ………………………….
Nội dung hướng dẫn: …………………………………………………. ………………………………….
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1. Tinh thần thái độ của sinh viên trong quá trình làm đề tài tốt nghiệp
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2. Đánh giá chất lượng của đồ án/khóa luận (so với nội dung yêu cầu đã đề ra trong
nhiệm vụ Đ.T. T.N trên các mặt lý luận, thực tiễn, tính toán số liệu…)
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3. Ý kiến của giảng viên hướng dẫn tốt nghiệp
Được bảo vệ
Không được bảo vệ
Điểm hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ……
Giảng viên hướng dẫn
QC20-B18
CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN
Họ và tên giảng viên: ………………………………………………………………………………….
Đơn vị công tác:
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Họ và tên sinh viên:
……………………………….. Chuyên ngành: …………………………
Đề tài tốt nghiệp:
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1. Phần nhận xét của giáo viên chấm phản biện
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2. Những mặt còn hạn chế
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3. Ý kiến của giảng viênchấm phản biện
Được bảo vệ
Không được bảo vệ
Điểm hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ……
Giảng viênchấm phản biện
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the process of doing the graduation paper, I have received a lot of help,
assistance, guidance, encouragement and idea contribution from my teachers,
family and friends.
I wish, first of all, to express my deepest gratitude and indebtedness to my
supervisor – MA.Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, lecturer of English Department,
Haiphong Management and Technology University of Foreign Studies for her
enthusiastic guidance, very helpful ideas and instructions for the preparation and
her correction during the completion of this graduation paper.
My sincere thanks are also sent to the teachers in the English Department of
Haiphong Management and Technology University for their useful lessons
during four years studying here. They have given me the foundation of the
research paper.
It is a mistake if members of Movie Fan Club under Trai Tim Viet Nam
Online Forum are not mentioned here. I’d like to show my deep gratitude to
them who have made great contribution to my topic by giving ideas, comments,
suggestions and samples which are very useful for my papers.
Last but not least, I would like to give my heartfelt thanks to my family, to
whom I have never enough words to express my great gratitude for their
encouragement and inspiration.
Hai Phong, June 2019
Ha Thi Hong Tuoi
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………………………. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
………………………………………………………………………… 2
PART I: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………. 4
1. Rationale ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
2. Aims of the study……………………………………………………………………………. 5
3. Scope of the study ………………………………………………………………………….. 5
4. Methods of the study ……………………………………………………………………… 6
5. Design of the study
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PART II: DEVELOPMENT …………………………………………………………………… 8
CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
………………………………… 8
1. Translation
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1.1. Definition of translation ………………………………………………………….. 8
1.2. Types of translation ………………………………………………………………… 9
1.2.1. Word-for-Word translation
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1.2.2. Literal translation
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1.2.3. Faithful translation
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1.2.4. Semantic translation
…………………………………………………………. 10
1.2.5. Free translation
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1.2.6. Idiomatic translation ………………………………………………………… 10
1.2.7. Communicative translation ………………………………………………. 11
1.2.8. Adaptation
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1.3. Movie
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1.3.1. Definition of movie……………………………………………………………. 11
1.3.2. Movie Types …………………………………………………………………….. 12
1.3.3. Movie Title
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1.3.3.1. The Function Of Movie Title
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1.3.3.2. Movie Title Translation And Translators
……………………. 18
CHAPTER II: CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES
AND PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLE TRANSLATION 19
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2.1. Characteristics Of English Movie Titles
………………………………….. 19
2.1.1. Brief And Concise Movie Title ………………………………………….. 19
2.1.2. Containing Many Proper Names ………………………………………. 19
2.1.3. Descriptive ……………………………………………………………………….. 20
2.2. Principles Of Movie Title Translation …………………………………….. 21
2.2.1. Faithful Value ………………………………………………………………….. 21
2.2.2. Consideration of movie genres ………………………………………….. 22
2.2.3. Cultural awareness …………………………………………………………… 24
2.2.4. Aesthetic Value………………………………………………25
2.2.5. Commercial Value ……………………………………………………………. 26
2.2.6. Combination of commercial and aesthetic effects
………………. 27
CHAPTER III: SUGGESTED THE TYPE OF TRANSLATION
STRATEGIES OF ENGHLISH MOVIE TITLES ……………………………… 29
3.1. Techniques Of Movie Title Translation
……………………………………… 29
3.2. Keep The Original…………………………………………………………………….. 29
3.3. Literal Translation
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3.3.1 Explication
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3.3.2. Adaptation ………………………………………………………………………….. 35
3.3.3. Providing A New Title …………………………………………………………. 37
CHAPTER IV: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS.
………….. 41
4.1. Some Difficulties In Translation Of Movie Titles From English
Into Vietnamese
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4.1.1. Suggested sollutions …………………………………………………………….. 42
PART III: CONCLUSION
……………………………………………………………………. 43
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………….. 45
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
4
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
After nearly four years of studying at Hai Phong Management and
Technology University of Foreign Studies, I feel more and more confident with
my skills and knowledge of English that I have been taught here. Since the first
year I have made certain progresses in improving my English thanks to my
teachers. The graduation is coming soon and up to now I feel no regret choosing
English as my major. My love for English has grown up and flourished
gradually. Of all subjects, I have a fancy for translation the most and I’m not the
only one. My class often has discussion time in which we find out translation
mistakes, give comments and suggestions, and then do the corrections with the
guidance of teachers. I myself feel enthusiastic and inspired by such discussions.
Movie is not only an art but also merchandise. The Vietnamese market is
becoming more and more open, and there are an increasing number of English
films. The Vietnamese audiences have to understand the film titles before they
watch the movies. Movie titles express the main idea to the audience to draw
their attention. This requires the translation of movie titles to be precise and
reflect the economic values. After the analysis of the traits and functions of film
names, this paper studied the translation skills and the translation tenets of the
English film name. The film name is a necessary part of the movie. A beautiful
title can make an influence on adding the finishing touch, appealing to audience
and giving the viewers enough food for the soul. Movie titles often not only
reflect the main idea of movies but also attract the audience with concise and
unfamiliar form. With the frequent interaction between the Vietnamese and
foreign cultures, an increasing number of English movies have entered into the
market of Vietnamese. The film name is the first thing through which the
viewers can know about the movie, so the translation of English film titles is
very important. A perfect translation of the title can express the main thought of
the movie and attract the audience’s desire of going to the movie. This paper
will introduce the translation tenets and strategies of English film title based on
5
an analysis of the traits and roles of English movie names. Translating such
simple film title is seemed as an easy thing, but it is not easy to translate well.
Being graceful in style and affluent in emotion could not only appeal to the
audience but also be pregnant, and it makes people think deep as an art. Hence,
when translating the movie name, firstly we should get the main idea and form
of the movie, and then we have to know the principles, master the skills and see
through the expression. However, academic atmosphere is very dreary and
disputes are always united in the movie title translation research. Many
academic articles only handle film names translation in detailed skills, for
instance, literal translation, free translation and transliteration. However, they
ignore the influences of culture and its versatility in film name translation.
Moreover, there is also a lack in the exploration in the translation process and
valuation. Thus, this thesis probes into the movie title translation, and puts in
more strategies on top of the movie title translation theories. And it’s ultimate
purpose is bringing normalization and diversification into the English film
names translation.
Culture aspects in language of movie titles draw my attention the most.
Hence, my graduation paper: “A study on translation of movie titles from
English into Vietnamese” is carried to reflect the similarities and differences
between the source and target languages of movie titles.
2. Aims of the study
Bound by time limitation, I would like to focus mainly on English-Vietnamese
movie title translation and it aims at:
+ Providing major principles which are helpful in movie title translation
+ Giving several strategies to students who are doing part -time job involved
film subtitle translation or might be prospective movie translators
+ Analyzing a large number of translated titles of movies which have been
released and shown in Vietnam to draw experience in translation
3. Scope of the study
6
Translation is an extremely large of study. However, due to the limit of
time and knowledge, it could not be covered all matters about translation. As
mentioned above, in this paper, only translation of movie titles from English into
Vietnamese are presented and analyzed. Particularly, techniques of movie title
translation are carefully demonstrated.
For the purposes of demonstrating the techniques of movie title translation,
my study focuses on:
– Introducing theoretical background of movie translation, movie titles and
techniques of movie title translation.
– Giving clear and detailed techniques of translating movie titles so as to find out
the effective ways in translation.
– Indicating the findings and implication, and proposing some suggestions.
– Providing some movie titles to discuss.
4. Methods of the study
In order to fulfill the study, the following methods are fully employed:
Firstly, internet accessing is necessary because it supplies such a large source
of information as well as images that all of data relating to the subject of my
paper graduation are easily found out.
Secondly, data collection from related books and documents also have an
important role in the research process.
Thirdly, discussion with my supervisor and friends works effectively in the
research completion.
At last, contrast and comparison method is also put into practice to finish this
paper graduation.
5. Design of the study
My graduation paper consists of three main parts:
• Part I: Introduction, which indicates the rationale, the aims, the scope, the
methods and the design of the study.
• Part II: Development mentions the main content of the study and it is further
divided into three chapters as below:
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› Chapter I: Theoretical background includes the definitions, function and types
of translation, movie and movie title.
› Chapter II: Characteristics of english movie titles and principles of english
movie title translation
› Chapter III: Suggested the type of Translation Strategies of English Movie
Titles
› Chapter IV: Preliminary results and analysis
• Part III: Conclusion gives a brief summary of the study and suggestion for
further study.
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PART II: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
1. Translation
1.1. Definition of translation
Lexically speaking, Translation is “the restatement of the forms of one
language in another: the chief means of exchanging information between
different language communities.” (McArthur, 1992, 1052). In this definition,
translation is defined as a process of exchanging texts between two languages,
but is it really that simple?
Other dictionaries would say “no” without any hesitation, such as the
specialist Dictionary of Translation Studies:
Translation: An incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many
different ways. For example, one may talk of translation as a process or a
product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation,
subtitling and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers
to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes interpreting.
(Shuttleworth & Cowie, 1997, 181, as quoted in
Hatim & Munday, 2004, 3-4)
In the definition above, not only the authors regarded translation as a process,
but they also viewed it as a product, which consisted of many sub-types. In those
subtypes, one can easily spot the traditional subtypes, which are “literary
translation, technical translation” as well as the up-to-date ones such as
“subtitling and machine translation”. However, for an in-depth and appropriate
definition for the study, this one is not enough.
Besides, scholars have their own way of defining things and translation is no
exception. For example, Reinhardt Hartmann and F. Stork stated “Translation is
the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation
of an equivalent text in a second language” (Hartmann & Stork, 1972, 713, as
quoted in Bell, 1991, 6). As far as the definition suggested, one can easily
interpret that, to translate a text is to transform the text from a language to
another one, which involve the consideration of reproducing only some parts of
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the source text (ST) and omitting or changing others, due to the inherent
differences between both languages. The researcher agrees with most of the
ideas presented in this definition, but he doesn’t agree with the vague word
“equivalent”, as his own experience suggests that in some cases, the texts in the
second language doesn’t completely “equal” to the ones in the first language in
terms of grammatical structures, of the whole meanings, etc., but those texts are
still considered good translations by the readers and researchers alike.
Likewise, Peter Newmark (1987) asserted a similar definition, “Translation is
a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in
one language by the same message and/or statement in another message”
(Newmark, 1987, 7). Mona Baker (1992) agreed with this notion, but suggested
that the ideal equivalence at word-level as well as above word-level between the
source language (SL) and target language (TL) is extremely hard to maintain
because of various differences in grammar structure and culture between the two
languages. To help maintaining this equivalence, translators and theorists have
proposed many translation strategies in the last century. However, as this is the
most complete definition in the researcher’s own opinion, this definition will be
adopt as the sole definition of translation in the study.
1.2. Types of translation
For learners of English, there are different approaches to translation. For a
number of definitions of translation given above, we can see that understanding
towards translation varies from one to another. As the results of such diversity,
translation can be classified into different viewpoints. The followings are the
commonly used translation types:
1.2.1. Word-for-Word translation
This is the type of translation that learners of English are likely to take up in the
process of mastering their translation skill. In word-for-word translation, the
source language word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their
most common meanings, out of context. In word-for-word translation, the result
often makes little sense, especially when idioms are involved. The translators
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can use word-for-word translation both to understand the machanism of the
source language and to construct a rough process for a difficult text. For
example: “Red eye” is translated into “Mắt đỏ”
1.2.2. Literal translation
Literal translation is a broader of translation, each source language wordhas a
corresponding target language word, but their primary meanings may differ.
Literal translation follows very closely the grammatical and lexicalforms of the
source text language.
Literal translation is considered as the basic translation step, both
incommunicative and semantic translation. For example: “Brave heart” is
translated into “Trái tim dũng cảm”
1.2.3. Faithful translation
A faithful translation requires a faithful precision in meaning and
grammarstructure of the original. However, we can also transmit the source
languagetext into the target language one more flexibly basing on its contextual
meaning.
1.2.4. Semantic translation
Newmark
(1892)
states
that:
“Semantic
translating
where
the
translatorattempts, within the base syntactic and semantic constraints of the
targetlanguage, to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the author”.
Therefore, the semantic translation is more flexible than faithful, admits the
creative exception and allows the translator‟s intuitive concession with the
orginal.
1.2.5. Free translation
In free translation, the linguistics structure of the source language is ignored,
and equivelent is found based upon the meaning it conveys. Free translation is
sometimes called paraphrases. The disadvantage of this type is that translating is
too casual to understand the original because of its freedom. (Dung Vu, 2004,
http://www.talawas.org)
1.2.6. Idiomatic translation
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Idiomatic translation is concerned with communcating the meaning of
thesource text using the natural grammatical and lexical items of the target
language. Idiomatic translation is used for colloquilism and idioms whose
literalism of the origin, uses the translation of colloquilism and idioms. For
example: “As good as it gets” is translated into “Không thể tốt hơn”
1.2.7. Communicative translation
Communicative translation allows the translator to transmit the source
language into the target language by ready and comprehensible ways to the
readership. “But even here the translator still has to respect and work on the
form of the source language text as the only material basic for his work”. (Peter
Newmark, 1982: p39)
1.2.8. Adaptation
Dung Vu (2004) pointed out: “Adaptation has a property of lending the ideas
of the original to create a new text by a new language more than to be faithful to
the original. The creation in adaptation is completely objective in content as well
as form”. So, adaptation is the freest form of translation. For example: “Perfect
storm” film is translated into “Cơn bão kinh hoàng”.
1.3. Movie
1.3.1. Definition of movie
Movies, also known as films, are a type of visual communication which uses
moving pictures and sound to tell stories or inform (help people to learn). People
in every part of the world watch movies as a type of entertainment, a way to
have fun. For some people, fun movies can mean movies that make them laugh,
while for others it can mean movies that make them cry, or feel afraid.
Most movies are made so that they can be shown on big screens at movie
theatres and at home. After movies are shown on movie screens for a period of
weeks or months, they may be marketed through several other media. They are
shown on pay television or cable television, and sold or rented on DVD disks or
videocassette tapes, so that people can watch the movies at home. You can also
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download or stream movies. Older movies are shown on television broadcasting
stations.
A movie camera or video camera takes pictures very quickly, usually at 24
or 25 pictures (frames) every second. When a movie projector, a computer, or a
television shows the pictures at that rate, it looks like the things shown in the set
of pictures are really moving. Sound is either recorded at the same time, or
added later. The sounds in a movie usually include the sounds of people talking
(which is called dialogue), music (which is called the “soundtrack”), and sound
effects, the sounds of activities that are happening in the movie (such as doors
opening or guns being fired). In the 20th century the camera used photographic
film. The product is still often called a “film” even though there usually is no
film. (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie)
1.3.2. Movie Types
Action movie
Action movie is a film genre where in the story is largely told through
physical action as opposed to dialogue. The action typically involves individual
efforts on the part of the hero. While action has long been an element of film,
the “Action movie” as a genre of its own began to develop in the 1970s, the
genre is closely linked with thriller and adventure film genres. While action
films have traditionally been a reliable source of revenue for movie studios,
relatively few action films genre critical praise. While action films have
traditionally been aimed at male audiences, from the early teens to the mid-30s,
many action filmmakers from the 1990s, and 2000s added female heroines in
response to the times, glorifying the strong female archetype.
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Animated movie
An animated movie is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look
similar to something hand-drawn) film for the cinema, television or computer
screen, featuring some kind of stories or plots (even if it is a very short one).
This is distinct from the terms “animation” and “animated movie”, 9 as not all
follow the definition. Although cartoons can use many different types of
animation, they all fall under the traditional animation category.
Comedy movie
A genre of film in which the main emphasis on humors. Also, films in this
style typically have a happy ending (the black comedy being an exception). One
of the oldest genres in film, some of the very first silent movies were comedies.
Comedy, unlike other film genres, puts much more focus on individual stars,
with many former stand-up comic transitioning to the film industry due to their
popularity. While many comic films are lighthearted stories with no intent other
than to amuse, others contain political or social commentary.
Crime movie
These are usually about a mystery, strange event, or crime that needs to be
solved. The audience is kept guessing until the final minutes, when there are
usually ‘twists’ in the plot (surprises).
Documentary movie
Documentary film is a broad category of visual expressions that is based on
the attempt, in one fashion or another, to “documentary” reality. Although
“documentary film” originally referred to movies shot on film stock, it has
subsequently expanded to include video and digital productions that can be
either television series. Documentary, as it applies here, works to identify a
“filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception”
that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.
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Dramatic movie
A drama film is a film genre that depends mostly on in-depth development of
realistic characters dealing with emotional themes. Dramatic themes such as
alcoholism, drug addiction, racial prejudice religious intolerance, poverty, crime
and corruption put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and
even natural phenomenon. The film genre can be contrasted with an action film,
which relies on fast paced action and 10 physical conflict but superficial
character development. All film genres can include dramatic elements, but
typically, films considered drama films focus mainly on the drama of the main
issue.
Horror films
The movies that strive to elicit the emotions of fear, horror and terror from
viewers. Their plots frequently involve themes of death, the supernatural or
mental illness. Many horror movies also include a central villain. Early horror
movies are largely based on classic literature of the gothic horror genre, such as
“Dracula”, “Frankenstein”, “The Phantom of the Opera”, and “Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde”. More recent horror films continue to exploit the monsters of literature,
and also draw inspiration from the insecurities of modern life. Horror films have
been dismissed as violent, low budget and exploitation films. Nonetheless, all
the major studios and many respected directors have made forays into the genre.
Serious critics have analyzed horror films through the prisms of genre theory
and the amateur theory. Some horror films incorporate elements of other genres
such as science fiction, fantasy, mockumentary, black comedy, and thrillers.
Historical movie
The historical movie is a film genre in which stories are based upon historical
events and famous persons. Some historical movies attempt to accurately
portray a historical event or biography, to the degree that available historical
research will allow.
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Musical movie
Musical film is a film genre in which several songs sung by the characters are
interwoven into the narrative, the songs are used to advance the plot or develop
the film’s characters, but some musical films (E.g Down Argentine Way) simply
plop the songs in as unrelated “specialties”- as with Carmen Miranda’s numbers.
A subgenre of the musical film is the musical comedy, which includes a strong
element of humour as well as the usual music, dancing and storylines. The
musical film was a natural development of 11 the stage musical. Typically, the
biggest difference between film and stage musicials is the use of lavish
background scenery which would be impractical in a theater. Musical films
characteristically contain elements reminiscent of theater; performers often treat
their song and dance numbers as if there is a live audience watching. In a sense,
the viewer becomes the deictic audience, as the performer looks directly into the
camera and performs to it.
Romantic movie
Romantic movies of passionate love relationships between men and women
have always held a special place in our cultural heritage. Movies about great
love affairs have been made from the classic stories of Lancelot and Guinevere,
Heloise and Abelard, and Romeo and Juliet. These timeless treasures are
remembered as symbols of physical passion and spiritual devotion. Although
they are most often regarded as love stories, the literary foundation of these
romantic movies is that of tragedies, and tragedies of the most telling kind.
Family movie
Family movie are made to be good for the entire family. They are mainly
made for children but often entertaining for adults as well. Disney is famous for
their family movies
Science Fiction movie
Science fiction movies are set in the future or in outer space. Some use their
future or alien settings to ask questions about the meaning of life or how we
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should think about life. Science fiction movies often use special effects to create
images of alien worlds, outer space, alien creatures, and spaceships.
● War movie
War films are a film genre concerned with war face, usually about naval, air
or land battles, sometimes focusing instead on prisoners of war, covert
operations, military training or other related subjects. At times war films focus
on daily military or civilian life in wartime without depicting battles. Their
stories may be fiction, based on history, docudrama or occasionally,
biographical. The term anti-war film is sometimes used to describe films which
bring to the viewer the pain and horror of war, often from a political or
ideological perspective. For example: “Saving private Ryan” translated into
“Giải cứu binh nhì Ryan”.
1.3.3. Movie Title
As a compound noun, the definition of “movie title” can be found in virtually
every dictionary under the entries of “movie” and “title”. The Oxford
Companion to the English Language defined “movie” as “A series of
sequentially ordered photographs or drawings (known as frames) recorded on
one or more reels of film and projected at speed on to a screen by strong,
focused light, giving an impression of natural motion” (McArthur, 1999, 671)
and “title” is defined as “The name of a book, poem, picture, piece of music, or
the like; a heading in a book or periodical, or of an article, chapter, or section in
a text” (McArthur, 1999, 1044). By combining the meanings of those two, one
can get a clear picture of what a movie title is, lexically.
In the researcher’s own view, “movie title” is simply the identifying name
that is given to a movie. The name can be long or short, attractive or boring, or
even lame, but it is often a special message from the producer to the audience of
the film, a message that can draw people’s attention and make the film a
blockbusting hit, or diminish their attention and make it an embarrassing flop.
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However, the importance of movie title translation is usually underestimated,
and the task of translating movie title is often neglected, especially in Vietnam.
1.3.3.1. The Function Of Movie Title
What is the function of the movie title? The fundamental, crucial and prime
function is to identify the text of the film (Soren Kolstrup 1996). Without this
initial identification, we are not able to talk about the movie or even distinguish
one from another. Movie titles are always the first thing that the audience come
to know about new movies. The title can provide information about the story for
the audience by summarizing the main plot, uncovering the theme, or offering
some ideas. It gives a means for guiding audience’s guess and understanding of
the content in a direct or indirect way. Even if the title is vague, abstract or hard
to capture the meaning, at least it may provide us a certain notion of the film. On
the other hand, the title is an integral part of the movie.
In addition to this obvious function of the title, we can indicate another major
function namely an attracter which can create commercial effect. The title might
play a remarkable role in movie’s promotion, drawing attention from TV
viewers or moviegoers. It takes the key position on advertisements and posters
which create the very first impression about the movie on viewers. An
interesting, attractive and curiosity-arousing title on an eye-catching poster will
surely stop anyone and make them spend money and time to find out what is
behind the title. In general, it adds attraction to the movie and stimulates the
audience’s interest and desire for viewing.
As said by Lenore Wright in her tutorial “10 ways titles can work for you”
2003, first impressions count and great screenplay titles create a positive
impression. If the title hooks viewers right from glancing at posters, it is a better
chance to make Translation of English movie titles into Vietnamese – 10 – them
watch. Titles can convey the genre of the movie (Star wars: science
fiction/action), emphasize conflict or crisis (Home alone), pose an intriguing
question (Men in black: Who are these cool guys?), conjure up a vivid image
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(Lost horizon), etc. In fact, a title can not cover all these functions, nonetheless,
the more functions it plays, the more winning it is. In conclusion, a title is able
to perform various functions and cover many aspects of the movie it stands in.
1.3.3.2. Movie Title Translation And Translators
A right choice of movie title translation is a great importance to the successful
release of a movie. Translators should pay due attention and should not make
light of the title during movie translation process, for title translation is
important and challenging. It seems to be easy to transmit a few English words
into Vietnamese. In fact, the words are simple in meaning but their combination
in movie title are puzzling. For example, how do you deal with “Some like it
hot”, “Die hard” or “Die another day”? Such titles often cause headache to
movie translators and require so much effort and creativeness in translation that
they are considered “transcreators” by John Yunker in “Transcreation” Gaining
Momentum 2001. The title can be compared as the movie’s “face” and it should
be nice-looking to win people’s good impression. Translators then need to be
responsible for beautifying it with their “make-up tools” of words so that it can
be presented in the most beautiful and impressive way. In order to be successful
with a translated title, they should ensure that the translated title meets several
criteria such as literal factor, commercial factor…which will be discussed in
depth in next parts. It means they need to invest time and effort in each title – a
tiny but vital part which can not be neglected.
